The Linux virtual file system or virtual file system generally is a layer that sits on the top of your actual file system which allows the user to access different types of file systems, you can think of virtual file system as an interface between the kernel and the actual file system. That means you will not find any entries for those Linux virtual filesystems in your /etc/fstab file. Yet, you will still find them when you type the mount command.

Knoppix Boot Only Iso File. A Stackable Unification File System. This project builds a stackable unification file system, which can appear to. Bootable USB Key. From Knoppix. Boot Knoppix from CD. Hit a special key to bring up a boot menu. Some BIOS's can only boot from USB when manually selected.

If you are coming from Windows, the virtual file system is the Registry. The proc file system is a virtual file system which is mounted on /proc directory. There is no real file system exists on /proc, it’s a virtual layer that is used for dealing with the kernel functionalities. For example, to get the processor specifications, type the following command: $ cat /proc/cpuinfo This is a very powerful and easy way to query Linux kernel.

Notice that if you check the size of the file in /proc directory, you will find that all file sizes are 0, because as we said they don’t exist on the disk. When you type cat /proc/cpuinfo command, a file is dynamically created to show you the CPU info. The only file that has a size in /proc directory is /proc/kcore file, which shows the RAM content. Actually, this file isn’t occupying any space on the disk. Writing to Proc Files As we’ve seen, we can read the content of proc files, but some of them are writable, so we can write to them to change some functionality. For example, this /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward file controls IP forwarding in case you have multiple network cards. You can change the value of this file like this: $ echo '1' >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward Keep in mind that when you change any file or value under /proc directory there is no validation of what you are doing, you may crash your system if you type a wrong setting.

Persisting /proc Files Changes The previous modification to the /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward entry will not survive after rebooting since you are not writing to a file, this is a virtual file system, means change happens to the memory. If you need to save changes under /proc, you have two ways: • You can write your entries in / etc / rc. Local file, or in Red Hat based distros like CentOS, create / etc / rc. Local file and make it executable and enable the systemd service unit that enables the use of the rc.local file and write your entries. • The sysctl command is used to change entries in / proc / sys / directory. $ sysctl net.

Ip_forward This will show the value of the entry, to change it, use the -w option: $ sysctl – w net. Ip_forward = 1 One final step is to write the changes to /etc/sysctl.conf: $ echo “net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1” >>/ etc / sysctl. Conf Make sure that the file /etc/sysctl.conf does not contain the entry before you write your changes. Common /proc Entries These are some of the commonly used /proc entries: /proc/cpuinfo information about CPUs in the system. /proc/meminfo information about memory usage. /proc/ioports list of port regions used for I/O communication with devices.

/proc/mdstat display the status of RAID disks configuration. /proc/kcore displays the system actual memory. /proc/modules displays a list of kernel loaded modules.

/proc/cmdline displays the passed boot parameters. /proc/swaps displays the status of swap partitions. /proc/iomem the current map of the system memory for each physical device. /proc/version displays the kernel version and time of compilation. /proc/net/dev displays information about each network device like packets count. /proc/net/sockstat displays statistics about network socket utilization. /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_ display the range of ports that Linux uses.

Local_port_range /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ protection against syn flood attacks. Tcp_ syncookies These are some of the common entries in /proc directory. Listing /proc Directory If you list the files in /proc directory, you’ll notice a lot of directories which have numeric names, these directories contain information about the running processes and the numeric value is the corresponding process ID. You can check the consumed resources by a specific process from these directories.

If you take a look at the folder named 1, it belongs to the init process or systemd (like CentOS 7) which is the first process runs When Linux starts. $ ls -l /proc/1 The / proc / 1 / exe file is a to / lib / systemd / systemd binary or / sbin / init in other systems that use init binary.

The same concept applies to all numeric folders under /proc directory. Proc Useful Examples To protect your server from SYN flood attack, you can use iptables to block SYN packets.

A better solution is to use. A special method in the kernel that keeps track of which SYN packets come. If the SYN packets don’t move to established state within a reasonable interval, the kernel will drop them. $ sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1 And to persist the changes.

$ echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1' >>/etc/sysctl.conf Another useful example which is the /proc/sys/fs/file-max, this value shows the maximum files (including sockets, files, etc,) that can be opened at the same time. You can increase this number like this: $ sysctl -w 'fs.file-max=96992' $ echo 'fs.file-max = 96992' >>/etc/sysctl.conf sysfs Virtual File System sysfs is a Linux virtual file systems which mean it’s also in memory. Sysfs file system can be found at /sys. The sysfs can be used to get information about your system hardware. $ ls -l /sys From the result of the above command, the file sizes are all zero because as we know this is a Linux virtual file system. The top level directory of /sys contains the following: Block list of block devices detected on the system like sda. Bus contains subdirectories for physical buses detected in the kernel.

Class describes class of device like audio, network or printer. Devices list all detected devices by the physical bus registered with the kernel. Module lists all loaded modules. Power the power state of your devices. Tmpfs Virtual File System tmpfs is a Linux virtual file system that keeps data in the system virtual memory. It is the same like any other Virtual File Systems, any files are temporarily stored in the Kernel’s internal caches.

The /tmp file system is used as the storage location for temporary files. The /tmp file system is backed by an actual disk-based storage and not by a virtual system. This location is chosen during. The /tmp is created automatically by systemd service when booting the system.

You can setup tmpfs style file system with the size you want, using the mount command. $ mount it tmpfs -o size=2GB tmpfs /home/myfolder Awesome!! Working with Linux virtual file system is very easy. I hope you find the post useful and interesting. Keep coming back.

Welcome to LinuxQuestions.org, a friendly and active Linux Community. You are currently viewing LQ as a guest. By joining our community you will have the ability to post topics, receive our newsletter, use the advanced search, subscribe to threads and access many other special features. Registration is quick, simple and absolutely free. Note that registered members see fewer ads, and ContentLink is completely disabled once you log in. Are you new to LinuxQuestions.org?

Visit the following links: If you have any problems with the registration process or your account login, please. If you need to reset your password,. Having a problem logging in? Please visit to clear all LQ-related cookies. Introduction to Linux - A Hands on Guide This guide was created as an overview of the Linux Operating System, geared toward new users as an exploration tour and getting started guide, with exercises at the end of each chapter. For more advanced trainees it can be a desktop reference, and a collection of the base knowledge needed to proceed with system and network administration.

This book contains many real life examples derived from the author's experience as a Linux system and network administrator, trainer and consultant. They hope these examples will help you to get a better understanding of the Linux system and that you feel encouraged to try out things on your own.

To receive this Complete Guide absolutely free. I don't think there are any homebrew community projects for PS2 Linux as Sony officially supported Linux and produced a Linux PS2 kit. There are no longer in production in North America (and is no longer available on their site for that reason), but you can still find some information on their site here: You can still pick up a kit if you are in Europe, Africa, or the Middle East (see here: ) and possibly some other places (. If you are located in North America, maybe you could pick one up on eBay. I don't think there are any homebrew community projects for PS2 Linux as Sony officially supported Linux and produced a Linux PS2 kit. Actually, there's, which is a community distro supported by Sony (they host the software distribution servers). You'll still need a PS2 Linux kit to use it though.

As you're in the US (the kits from outside the US won't work on the US PS2) you may have to wait until the PS3 is released, as the hard drive that Sony are supposed to releasing for that will come with Linux pre-installed on it. Hmmm, if you say so ((wink, wink)).If sony does not make one for it, then maybe it does not exisit. Try to google for 'toms bootdisk' Actually, I don't want to play downloaded games (I know -- something must be wrong with me ). I was hoping to just tinker with something and maybe have it look on my network and play some mp3s or internet radio or something like that. I did a search for toms bootdisk and found a floppy version, which really doesn't help me much.

Thanks though. Blessed Be, Jason Hodges. Actually, there's, which is a community distro supported by Sony (they host the software distribution servers). You'll still need a PS2 Linux kit to use it though. As you're in the US (the kits from outside the US won't work on the US PS2) you may have to wait until the PS3 is released, as the hard drive that Sony are supposed to releasing for that will come with Linux pre-installed on it. I didn't know that the PS3 will come with Linux. Will it be a full OS or just Linux running things under the hood?

Blessed Be, Jason Hodges. I don't think there are any homebrew community projects for PS2 Linux as Sony officially supported Linux and produced a Linux PS2 kit. There are no longer in production in North America (and is no longer available on their site for that reason), but you can still find some information on their site here: You can still pick up a kit if you are in Europe, Africa, or the Middle East (see here: ) and possibly some other places (. If you are located in North America, maybe you could pick one up on eBay. I looked at the kits.

They are too expensive, and I have a Slim PS2 (which really isn't that big a problem because you can get a new case plus hard drive mod kit for it for around $20 that'll provide room for a hard drive.). It's just a lot of money to spend on something when a newish computer that'll do more is around the same amount of money. I really still a newbie when it comes to these things even though I've been a Linux user for years. If Linux will run on a PS2, how hard would it be to make something like Knoppix run on it? Is a question of Sony having hardware checks in the machine so that you can't boot from a disc or is it software like video drivers and such?

Blessed Be, Jason Hodges. Thanks for very useful info, jabster2k Followed the instructions on the page mentioned above and got my PS2 to boot BlackRhino Linux! Free Vfx Software Download.

Works like a charm, can download and install packages from distribution mirrors and compile my own from source code - PS2 really can do everything one would expect from a Linux box! So far I have not figured out a way to boot without using a 'rescue' CD though. Presumably it should be possible to boot stright from HD using some kind of bootloader on the PS2 memory card (?) I will have to google around on how to do that. Lego My Style Preschool Download Newsletter.

I anyone here has more useful Playstation 2 Linux pointers, please post. I also made a torrent for the BlackRhino distro patched by CERF4 image mentioned in the link jabster2k posted.

Even if you don't have PS2 network adapter and/or HD installed (USB keyboard will be needed), you can boot Linux from CD on your PS2! Without HD installation and network in it's bare form it's just the console with few commands, do not expect anything fancy like Knoppix. Still, if you want to try it out, search for CERF4 on isohunt.com or mininova.org.

The download is only 43 megabytes.